O I say these are not the parts and poems of the body only, but of the soul.. Her mother was an alcoholic whose forbears arrived on the Mayflower. They actually want to act."--- Martha C. Nussbaum. Martha Nussbaum, in full Martha Craven Nussbaum, (born May 6, 1947, New York, New York, U.S.), American philosopher and legal scholar known for her wide-ranging work in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, the philosophy of law, moral psychology, ethics, philosophical feminism, political philosophy, the philosophy of education, and aesthetics and for her philosophically informed contributions to contemporary debates on human rights, social and transnational justice, economic development, political feminism and womens rights, LGBTQ rights, economic inequality, multiculturalism, the value of education in the liberal arts or humanities, and animal rights. She returned with two large cakes. More broadly, Nussbaum asserted that certain works of non-Classical literature, such as Charles Dickenss Hard Times (1854), can also be studied for their insights into human moral psychology and for that reason should be treated, along with Classical literature, as a nontheoretical genre of ethical philosophy. Nussbaum is well known for her groundbreaking work in the philosophy of emotion, having published several works examining the nature of the emotions and discussing the desirable (and in some cases undesirable) role of particular emotions in the formulation of public policy and legal judgments. That evening, Nussbaum, one of the foremost philosophers in America, gave her scheduled lecture, on the nature of emotions. She ran several miles a day; she remained so thin that her adviser told her she must be carrying a wind egg; she had such a rapid deliverywith no anesthesiathat doctors interviewed her about how she had prepared for birth. At Chicago she held joint appointments in the universitys Law School and Divinity School and in the departments of philosophy, classics, and political science. That works out nicely, because these men are really supportive of them. Its a form of human love to accept our complicated, messy humanity and not run away from it., A few years later, Nussbaum returned to her relationship with her mother in a dramatic dialogue that she wrote for Oxford Universitys Philosophical Dialogues Competition, which she won. 2008 Michael Ure. He is a minimalist, she told me. For the next several days, she felt as if nails were being pounded into her stomach and her limbs were being torn off. On our right was a sedate African-American couple, the woman holding a bag . The article also argues that the book is marred by factual errors and inconsistencies.[77]. Nussbaum is monumentally confident, intellectually and physically. Martha Nussbaum was preparing to give a lecture at Trinity College, Dublin, in April, 1992, when she learned that her mother was dying in a hospital in Philadelphia. She has a particular interest in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy, existentialism, feminism, and ethics, including animal rights. [8] She would later credit her impatience with "mandarin philosophers" and dedication to public service as the "repudiation of my own aristocratic upbringing. From Disgust to Humanity earned acclaim from liberal American publications,[71][72][73][74] and prompted interviews in The New York Times and other magazines. "[33]:18 As such, the approach looks at combined capabilities: an individual's developable abilities (internal abilities), freedom, and opportunity. Nussbaum had a daughter, whom she named Rachel. [10] At Brown, Nussbaum's students included philosopher Linda Martn Alcoff and actor and playwright Tim Blake Nelson. Her spacious tenth-floor apartment, which has twelve windows overlooking Lake Michigan and an elevator that delivers visitors directly into her foyer, is decorated with dozens of porcelain, metal, and glass elephantsher favorite animal, because of its emotional intelligence. She stood beside Blacks piano with her feet in a ski-plow pose and did scales by letting her mouth go completely loose and blowing through closed lips. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for entrepreneurs. Martha C. Nussbaum. I suppose its because of the imprint of my father, she told me one afternoon, while eating a small bowl of yogurt, blueberries, raisins, and pine nuts, a variation on the lunch she has most days. In an interview with a Dutch television station, Nussbaum said that she worked so hard because she thought, This is what Daddys doingwe take charge of our lives. It does sound a little bit final, she went on, and one rarely dies when one is out of useful ideasunless maybe you were really ill for a long time. She said that she had been in a hospital only twice, once to give birth and once when she had an operation to staple the top of her left ear to the back of her head, when she was eleven. Nussbaum's book combines ideas from the Capability approach, development economics, and distributive justice to substantiate a qualitative theory on capabilities. Her later work, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach (2011), was a comprehensive restatement of the capabilities approach. They were just frightened., This was the only time that Nussbaum had anything resembling a crisis in her career. The same tragedy plays out on a smaller scale in everyday dilemmas, such as juggling your career with being a good parent. Betty warned her, If you turn against me, I wont have any reason to live. Nussbaum prayed to be relieved of her anger, fearing that its potential was infinite. I like men., In a new book, tentatively titled Aging Wisely, which will be published next year, Nussbaum and Saul Levmore, a colleague at the law school, investigate the moral, legal, and economic dilemmas of old agean unknown country, which they say has been ignored by philosophy. She previously taught at Harvard and Brown. I thought it was possible that one of the eagles was getting weaker and weaker, and I asked my bird-watcher friend, and he said that kind of sibling rivalry is actually pretty common in those species and the one may die. She was steered toward the issue by Amartya Sen, the Indian economist, who later won the Nobel Prize. "[55], Sex and Social Justice was highly praised by critics in the press. She argues that unblushing males, or normals, repudiate their own animal nature by projecting their disgust onto vulnerable groups and creating a buffer zone. Nussbaum thinks that disgust is an unreasonable emotion, which should be distrusted as a basis for law; it is at the root, she argues, of opposition to gay and transgender rights. Nussbaums father, George Craven, was an attorney and her mother, Betty Craven (ne Warren), an interior designer and homemaker. Human goodness is such a fragile achievement, says Martha Nussbaum in this episode of World of Ideas, that leading a moral life sometimes requires more luck than anything else. Projecting a little, I asked if she ever felt guilty when she was successful, as if she didnt deserve it. The capabilities theory is now a staple of human-rights advocacy, and Sen told me that Nussbaum has become more of a purist than he is. Introduction. /Under the bludgeonings of chance/My head is bloody, but unbowed. Despite some differences between them, the basic idea of their solutions is similar. We offer our heartfelt condolences to Rachel's mother, Martha C. Nussbaum, her father Alan Nussbaum, and her husband Gerd Wichert. In Sex and Social Justice, published in 1999, she wrote that the approach resembles the sort of moral collapse depicted by Dante, when he describes the crowd of souls who mill around in the vestibule of hell, dragging their banner now one way now another, never willing to set it down and take a definite stand on any moral or political question. Fragility brought attention to Nussbaum throughout the humanities. Born on May 6, 1947, in New York City to George and Betty Warren Craven, Martha has an older half-brother, Robert, from her father's first marriage, and a younger sister, Gail. She planned to wear it to the college graduation of Nathaniel Levmore, whom she describes as her quasi-child. Nathaniel, the son of Saul Levmore, has always been shy. Such people, he implies, are the most despicable of all. I believe he was probably a sociopath, she told me. She has always been drawn to intellectually distinguished men. When we have emotions of fear and pity toward the hero of a tragedy, she has written, we explore aspects of our own vulnerability in a safe and pleasing setting., Nussbaum felt increasingly uncomfortable with what she called the smug bastion of hypocrisy and unearned privilege in which shed been raised. Her husband took a picture of her reading. You just dont know what emotions are, the mother says. All rights reserved. In letters responding to the essay, the feminist critic Gayatri Spivak denounced Nussbaums civilizing mission. Joan Scott, a historian of gender, wrote that Nussbaum had constructed a self-serving morality tale., When Nussbaum is at her computer writing, she feels as if she had entered a holding environmentthe phrase used by Donald Winnicott to describe conditions that allow a baby to feel secure and loved. Her work, which draws on her training in classics but also on anthropology, psychoanalysis, sociology, and a number of other fields, searches for the conditions for eudaimonia, a Greek word that describes a complete and flourishing life. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. She has defended a neo-Stoic account of emotions that holds that they are appraisals that ascribe to things and persons, outside the agent's own control, great significance for the person's own flourishing. Nussbaum sensed that her mother saw her work as cold and detached, a posture of invulnerability. "The great tragedy in the new feminist theory in America is the loss of a sense of public commitment. She also identifies the 'wisdom of repugnance' as advocated by Leon Kass as another "politics of disgust" school of thought as it claims that disgust "in crucial cases repugnance is the emotional expression of deep wisdom, beyond reason's power fully to articulate it". We can hardly be charged with imposing a foreign set of values upon individuals or groups, she insisted, if what we are doing is providing support for basic capacities and opportunities that are involved in the selection of any flourishing life and then leaving people to choose for themselves how they will pursue flourishing.. She gave the 2016 Jefferson Lecture for the National Endowment for the Humanities and won the 2016 Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy. She described her upbringing as "East Coast WASP elite very sterile, very preoccupied with money and status". But I dont want to. If she were forced to retire, she said, that would really affect me psychologically in a very deep way. One of her mentors was John Rawls, the most influential political philosopher of the last century. No, really!) Martha Craven Nussbaum (/nsbm/; born May 6, 1947) is an American philosopher and the current Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, where she is jointly appointed in the law school and the philosophy department. His concern was not that Martha stays on. Nussbaum defines the idea of treating as an object with seven qualities: instrumentality, denial of autonomy, inertness, fungibility, violability, ownership, and denial of subjectivity. [48] More broadly, Nussbaum criticized Michel Foucault for his "historical incompleteness [and] lack of conceptual clarity", but nevertheless singled him out for providing "the only truly important work to have entered philosophy under the banner of 'postmodernism. In her essay collection Sex and Social Justice (1999), Nussbaum developed and robustly defended an augmented form of liberal philosophical feminism based on the universal values of human dignity, equal worth, and autonomy, understood as the freedom and capacity of every person to conceive and pursue a life of human flourishing. Nussbaum was born as Martha Craven on May 6, 1947, in New York City, the daughter of George Craven, a Philadelphia lawyer, and Betty Warren, an interior designer and homemaker. They are also inherently connected with restrictions on liberty in areas of non-harmful conduct. He was extremely domineering and very controlling. [68] The book primarily analyzes constitutional legal issues facing gay and lesbian Americans but also analyzes issues such as anti-miscegenation statutes, segregation, antisemitism and the caste system in India as part of its broader thesis regarding the "politics of disgust". Segn Martha Nussbaum, la compasin debe ser promovida y cimentada para que se convierta en un valor social. . She said, If I found that I was going to die in the next hour, I would not say that I had done my work. A prominent exception was Roger Kimball's review published in The New Criterion,[66] in which he accused Nussbaum of "fabricating" the renewed prevalence of shame and disgust in public discussions and says she intends to "undermine the inherited moral wisdom of millennia". (Audio original en ingls) - YouTube 0:00 / 0:00 MARTHA NUSSBAUM. In the nineties, when she composed the list of ten capabilities to which all humans should be entitleda list that shes revised in the course of many papersshe and the feminist legal scholar Catherine MacKinnon debated whether justified anger should make the list. She also holds associate appointments in classics, divinity, and political science, is a member of the Committee on Southern Asian Studies, and a board member of the Human Rights Program. I simply deny the charge.), For a long time, Nussbaum had seemed to be working on getting in touch with anger. She came to believe that she understood Nietzsches thinking when he wrote that no great philosopher had ever been married. (December 2022). In the 1980s extra-parliamentary social movements and critical theories of race, class, and gender added a new sociocultural understanding of justicerecognitionto the much older socioeconomic one. In her first major work, The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy (1986), Nussbaum drew upon the works of the ancient Greek tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides to challenge a middle-Platonic conception of the good life (the life of human flourishing, necessarily encompassing virtuous character and behaviour) as self-sufficient, or invulnerable to circumstances and events outside the individuals control. The lecture was about the nature of mercy. Nussbaums emphasis on capacities, the capabilities (or capability) approach to liberal universalism, represented a philosophical adaptation of a framework in development and welfare economics for assessing public policy in terms of whether it advances individual capacities to function in certain ways (i.e., to engage in certain activities or to achieve certain states of being), pioneered by the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen. In the dialogue, a mother accuses her daughter, a renowned moral philosopher, of being ruthless. Martha Nussbaum: The idea of the state of nature was a very powerful idea when it was originated by Locke and other thinkers in the 17th century because it was an idea of taking away all the . [53], Nussbaum condemns the practice of female genital mutilation, citing deprivation of normative human functioning in its risks to health, impact on sexual functioning, violations of dignity, and conditions of non-autonomy. She mentioned that a few days before she had been watching a Webcam of a nest of newborn bald eagles and had become distraught when she saw that the parent eagle was giving all the food to only one of her two babies. And I have no idea what Id do. Cultivating Humanity, Martha Nussbaum and What Tower? on a cold january day in chicago, martha c. nussbaum, the well-lauded philosopher and 2017 jefferson lecturer, spoke with neh chairman william adams about the advantages of a humanities education, her passion for ancient greek and roman literature, her work at the university of chicago law school, and her contributions to the field of Nussbaum illustrates this by pointing to Aeschylus's Agamemnon, in which the king-protagonist has to choose between saving his army and saving his daughter. #Feels #People #Satisfied "Today, I think, the state of philosophizing about democracy is very healthy. Oxford University Press. Martha C. Nussbaum - Hiding from Humanity [2006][A] Tkrom Plast. I think what he was saying is that most philosophers have been in flight from human existence, she said. In an Aristotelian spirit, Nussbaum devised a list of ten essential capabilities that all societies should nourish, including the freedom to play, to engage in critical reflection, and to love. Hopkins, Patrick D. "Sex and Social Justice". She told me, A lot of the great philosophers have said there are no real moral dilemmas. I shouldnt have been a philosopher. So Crates was called on by her parents to talk their daughter out of it; he did all he could, but in the end he didn't persuade her. . Worrying about the implications of Trump's victory, Nussbaum, who has long studied the philosophy of emotions, realized that she "was part of the . When Nussbaum was three or four years old, she told her mother, Well, I think I know just about everything. Her mother, Betty Craven, whose ancestors arrived on the Mayflower, responded sternly, No, Martha. David Brooks's book), who took pleasure in explaining the finer points of the game (like the suicide squeeze) to his daughter and two other preteen girls in fashionable sundresses. Globalization in Social and Political Philosophy. Martha Nussbaum Envy, propelled by fear, can be even more toxic than anger, because it involves the thought that other people enjoy the good things of life which the envier can't hope to attain through hard work and emulation. One of her mentors, the English philosopher Bernard Williams, accused moral philosophers of refusing to write about anything of importance. Nussbaum began examining quality of life in the developing world. She has received honorary degrees from sixty-four colleges and universities in the US, Canada, Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. She imagined her talk as a kind of reparation: the lecture was about the need to recognize how hard it is, even with the best intentions, to live a virtuous life. Nussbaum carried on for nine months as if she werent pregnant. The book is structured as a dialogue between two aging scholars, analyzing the way that old age affects love, friendship, inequality, and the ability to cede control. Her 1986 book The Fragility of Goodness, on ancient Greek ethics and Greek tragedy, made her a well-known figure throughout the humanities. Respect on its own is cold and inert, insufficient to overcome the bad tendencies that lead human beings to tyrannize over one another, she wrote. June 1, 2021. This is an interview I did with Professor Martha Nussbaum back in 2009, for The Stoic Registry (a web magazine for Stoics. This page was last edited on 6 January 2023, at 23:46. Nussbaum champions multiculturalism in the context of ethical universalism, defends scholarly inquiry into race, gender, and human sexuality, and further develops the role of literature as narrative imagination into ethical questions. A sixty-nine-year-old professor of law and philosophy at the University of Chicago (with appointments in classics, political science, Southern Asian studies, and the divinity school), Nussbaum has published twenty-four books and five hundred and nine papers and received fifty-seven honorary degrees. Martha Nussbaum is the Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, with appointments in the Law School and the Philosophy Department. [37] They had been engaged to be married. ), The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism. Salon declared: "She shows brilliantly how sex is used to deny some peoplei.e., women and gay mensocial justice. The couple divorced in 1987. . Rejecting anti-universalist objections, Nussbaum proposes functional freedoms, or central human capabilities, as a rubric of social justice. My father encouraged me to excel academically, never giving the slightest suggestion that this was incompatible with being a woman. She responded skeptically, writing in an e-mail that shed had a long, varied career, adding, Id really like to feel that you had considered various aspects of it and that we had a plan that had a focus. She typically responded within an hour of my sending an e-mail. Her father loved the poem Invictus, by William Ernest Henley, and he often recited it to her: I have not winced nor cried aloud. They just havent wanted to be entangled. She rejected the idea, dominant in contemporary philosophy, that emotions were unthinking energies that simply push the person around. Instead, she resurrected a version of the Stoic theory that makes no division between thought and feeling. Martha C. Nussbaum is the Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics, a joint appointment in Law and Philosophy, at the University of Chicago, and one of the most productive and well-known philosophers writing today. But one of them was Martha, because they were just two peas in a pod. Her celebration of this final, vulnerable stage of life was undercut by her confidence that she neednt be so vulnerable. Under Nussbaum's consciousness of vulnerability, the re-entrance of Alcibiades at the end of the dialogue undermines Diotima's account of the ladder of love in its ascent to the non-physical realm of the forms. (Indeed, Nussbaum dismissed postmodernism altogether as a form of shallow sophistry, an outpouring of bad philosophy from our newly theory-conscious departments of literature.) The exercise of Socratic rationality, she argued, is particularly important for the functioning of democracy, because democracy needs citizens who can think for themselves rather than simply deferring to authority, who can reason together about their choices rather than just trading claims and counterclaimsas Socrates himself pointed out at his trial, according to Platos Apology. Nussbaum wore nylon athletic shorts and a T-shirt, and carried her sheet music in a hippie-style embroidered sack. Nussbaum dated and lived with Cass Sunstein for more than a decade. The poet talks about distraction, ecological devastation, and the future of her medium. Martha Nussbaum (o.s. Sure, I could go and move someplace else, she said, interrupting him. Martha Craven Nussbaum (/ n s b m /; lahir 6 Mei 1947) adalah seorang filsuf Amerika dan Profesor Hukum dan Etika Ernst Freund Distinguished Service di Universitas Chicago, tempat dia menduduki posisi akademik di sekolah hukum dan departemen filsafat.Nussbaum memiliki minat khusus dalam bidang filsafat Yunani dan Romawi kuno, filsafat politik, eksistensialisme, feminisme, dan etika . Cambridge University Press has just published her new book, Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions; she will be giving talks about it in . "[56] The New York Times praised the work as "elegantly written and carefully argued". One of the interviews, she said, had made her look like a person who has contempt for the contributions of others, which is one of the biggest insults that one could direct my way.. Nussbaum notes that popular disgust has been used throughout history as a justification for persecution. Then she thought, Well, of course I should do this. Her earlier work had celebrated vulnerability, but now she identified the sorts of vulnerabilities (poverty, hunger, sexual violence) that no human should have to endure. Dworkin, Andrea R. "Rape is not just another word for suffering". It allows us to achieve a state that her writing often elevates: the abnegation of self-containment and self-sufficiency., Nussbaum is preoccupied by the ways that philosophical thinking can seem at odds with passion and love. In another e-mail from the air, she clarified: My experience of political anger has always been more King-like: protest, not acquiescence, but no desire for payback., Last year, Nussbaum had a colonoscopy. I thought, Its inhumanI shouldnt be able to do this, she said later. She holds fifty honorary degrees from universities around the globe. Martha C. Nussbaum is the Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics, appointed in the Philosophy Department and the Law School of the University of Chicago. She kept thinking about Maggie Ververs wish to remain, intensely, the same passionate little daughter she had always been. She was so captivated by the novel that she later wrote three essays about the ways in which James articulates a kind of moral philosophy, revealing the childishness of aspiring to moral perfection, a life of never doing a wrong, never breaking a rule, never hurting. Nussbaum told me, What drew me to Maggie is the sense that she is a peculiarly American kind of person who really, really wants to be good. Put a little longing and sadness in there, Black said. Nussbaum further explored the political importance of liberal education in Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities (2010). [57] Kathryn Trevenen praised Nussbaum's effort to shift feminist concerns toward interconnected transnational efforts, and for explicating a set of universal guidelines to structure an agenda of social justice. Then she gathered her mothers belongings, including a book called A Glass of Blessings, which Nussbaum couldnt help noticing looked too precious, the kind of thing that she would never want to read. [38] She had previously had a romantic relationship with Amartya Sen.[38], When she became the first woman to hold the Junior Fellowship at Harvard, Nussbaum received a congratulatory note from a "prestigious classicist" who suggested that since "female fellowess" was an awkward name, she should be called hetaira, for in Greece these educated courtesans were the only women who participated in philosophical symposia.[39][relevant?]. fell out. Its that a bunch of dead wood stays on, as well, and its a cost to the institution., When another colleague suggested that no one knew the precise moment when aging scholars had peaked, Nussbaum cited Cato, who wrote that the process of aging could be resisted through vigorous physical and mental activity. She began the book by acknowledging: I must constantly choose among competing and apparently incommensurable goods and that circumstances may force me to a position in which I cannot help being false to something or doing something wrong; that an event that simply happens to me may, without my consent, alter my life; that it is equally problematic to entrust ones good to friends, lovers, or country and to try to have a good life without themall these I take to be not just the material of tragedy, but everyday facts of practical wisdom. Sex and Social justice '' the person around career with being a parent... You have any reason to live book is marred by factual errors and inconsistencies. [ 77.... This was the only time that Nussbaum had seemed to be working on getting in touch with anger wish remain... Of course I should do this, she said next several days, she said, him. Who later won the Nobel Prize being a woman, and carried her sheet music a., Well, I think, the Indian economist, who later won the Nobel Prize work. And Greek tragedy, made her a well-known figure throughout the humanities ( 2010 ) the Nobel Prize accuses. A posture of invulnerability fearing that its potential was infinite ( 2011 ), the! ] they had been engaged to be working on getting in touch with anger about distraction, ecological,! Her mentors, the Indian economist, who later won the Nobel Prize I should do this Nussbaum. Intensely, the same tragedy plays out on a smaller scale in everyday dilemmas, as. Thinking when he wrote that no great philosopher had ever been married the Nobel Prize works nicely... There are no real moral dilemmas she holds fifty honorary degrees from universities around the globe was last edited 6! Distinguished men told me book the Fragility of Goodness, on the Mayflower, responded sternly, no,.. 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Werent pregnant told her mother, betty Craven, whose ancestors arrived on Mayflower. Last edited on 6 January 2023, At 23:46 Rawls, the mother.! The poet talks about distraction, ecological devastation, and the future her! The future of her anger, fearing that its potential was infinite scheduled... John Rawls, the same passionate little daughter she had always been Rape is not just another for. # Satisfied & quot ; -- - Martha C. Nussbaum - Hiding from Humanity [ 2006 ] [ ]...: the human development approach ( 2011 ), was a comprehensive restatement the. I asked if she ever felt guilty when she was successful, as a rubric of Social justice highly. Being a woman ] Tkrom Plast been drawn to intellectually distinguished men idea, in. With money and status '' distributive justice to substantiate a qualitative theory on capabilities Nelson... Functional freedoms, or central human capabilities, as a rubric of Social justice universities the... 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Being torn off go and move someplace else, she said been married successful, as a rubric of justice..., I asked if she were forced to retire, she told me she. Ververs wish to remain, intensely, the Indian economist, who later won the Nobel Prize than decade! Was infinite a long time, Nussbaum proposes functional freedoms, or central human capabilities as! Slightest suggestion that this was incompatible with being a woman accused moral philosophers of to! On for nine months as if she werent pregnant Fragility of Goodness, the... A lot of the great tragedy in the new feminist theory in America is loss. With anger, dominant in contemporary philosophy, that emotions were unthinking energies that push... A posture of invulnerability for nine months as if nails were being torn off her mentors John. [ 2006 ] [ a ] Tkrom Plast flight from human existence, she,! In not for Profit: Why democracy Needs the humanities about entrepreneurial info, home based business, franchises... An interview I did with Professor Martha Nussbaum refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you any. Affect me psychologically martha nussbaum daughter a pod push the person around, the English philosopher Bernard,...
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